The Awakening Of Women s Rights - 2106 Words

The Awakening of Women’s Rights Women’s rights have evolved from being housewives to obtaining careers, receiving an education, and gaining the right to vote. The feminist movement created all these historic changes for women. This movement was highly controversial and it fought to set up equal rights for women. Women’s groups worked together to win women’s suffrage and later to create the Equal Rights Amendment. The economic boom in 1917 and the early 1960s brought many women into the workplace. When women began to enter the workforce they became more knowledgeable of their unequal economic and social position. Homemakers, many of them did previously achieved college degrees, began to express their lack of personal achievement. They had an awakening, they came to understand that their lives were not complete and they wanted more from life. Kate Chopin describes the character, Edna as a woman trying desperately to find herself in a world where the liberati on of women was not accepted but the reader sees Edna change through the novel anyway. The Awakening by Kate Chopin follows a common theme of literature during the early 1900s authors wrote about women’s suffrage. She uses Edna in the novel to show how women were viewed in this particular time period. Peggy Skaggs alludes that Chopin’s life experiences have affected her writing: â€Å"Her life and experiences as a women apparently affirmed the truths she expressed about Feminism and her development as a literary artistShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s Life And Feminism1281 Words   |  6 Pageskept bringing up were feminism and equality. In The Awakening, Edna Pontellier, a radical feminist, and Adele Ratignolle, a subtle feminist, demonstrate to the reader the desire for equality for women. The actions of these characters critique on the social problems of the time period while at the same time advocating for women’s rights and independence. Edna’s words a nd actions often comment on the unfair nature of marriage and the right for women to challenge this unfairness. While Edna is very radicalRead MoreFeminism Of An Hour And Charlotte Perkins Gilman s The Yellow Wallpaper1596 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism in the 1960 s Feminism is the push for woman’s rights considering their political, social and economic equality to men. The feminist movement of the 1960 s demonstrated how women demanded equal rights since they wanted to be included into the world around them not only as mothers and house wives but as a vital part society. Women realized there were more opportunities for them in the world rather than staying home cleaning and taking care of their children. Some women wanted to self-governRead MoreKate Chopin s The Storm Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesspeaks to the soul.† The Awakening, (1899). Kate Chopin was widely recognized as one of the leading writers of her time. She was an American author of short stories and novels. She was born on February 08, 1850 in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. She died on August 22, 1904, in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Written in 1898 but not published until it appeared in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969, The Storm has bee n widely regarded as Kate Chopin s most accomplished short storyRead MoreNotes On : Reviving Religion976 Words   |  4 Pagesexisted there c) The Second Great Awakening started in the 1800s. This caused lots of changes such as moving towards abolishing as well as moving towards women rights i) Baptists and Methodist stressed a lot about emotionalism ii) Peter Cartwright was known as the traveling preachers iii) Charles Grandison Finney was one of the greatest preachers during the 2nd awakening 2) Denominational Diversity a) Since thereRead MoreGender Roles in The Awakening Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles in The Awakening The 1890’s were an era of rapid social change in regards to women’s rights. In 1893, Colorado was the first state granting women the right to vote with Utah and Idaho following soon after in 1896. This soon set momentum towards of ratification of the 19th Amendment in 1920. It was in 1899 the Kate Chopin published The Awakening, a novel telling the tale of a suppressed mother, Edna Pontellier, and her desire for something more in her life. Literary scholars considerRead MoreA Brief Note On The First Great Awakening 1489 Words   |  6 Pageslove, life, and service to God and mankind. How several women with strong beliefs and approaches to equal opportunity created separation amongst the people. Examining the different rolls women participated in to influence change in America. The Second â€Å"Great Awakening† of the 1790’s, brought change to the New World. â€Å"inspired by the economic progress and democratic spirit of the age and by the religious optimism of the Second Great Awakening, believed that they could improve their personal lives andRead More Societys Restrictive Roles for Women Exposed in The Awakening1204 Words   |  5 Pages In the late 1800s, as well as the early 1900s, women felt discriminated against by men and by society in general. Men generally held discriminatory and stereotypical views of women. Women had no control over themselves and were perceived to be nothing more than property to men. They were expected to live up to a perfect image that society had created, while trying to comply with their husbands desires. While many women felt dissatisfied with their lives, they would not come out and say itRead MoreThe Awakening Feminism Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesAfter reading The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, I bel ieve the text is feminist. Whether Kate Chopin was deliberately writing for early feminists or not, the book has many early feminist ideas and it is shown through the main characters awakening by being eccentric. The author uses Edna Pontellier as an anti-conventional woman, breaking societal laws that govern her life, in search for individuality in a society that represses her. From a reader’s perspective in the early 1900’s, Edna would be a mentallyRead MoreKate Chopin s Literary Creativity And Women s Independence1097 Words   |  5 Pages Kate Chopin has become one of the most influential feminist writers of the century. From Chopin’s literary rejection of The Awakening, the rejection sparked a fire in Chopin’s feminist side. Chopin began writing short stories that would become society’s lead in literary creativity and women’s independence. Kate Chopin’s biography is astonishingly intriguing and the importance Chopin plays to the feminist literature genre is exceptional. Critics either rave Chopin’s work or completely destroy itRead MoreYevgeniy Pastukhov Semchenkov. Eng 201-0908. Pr. Chrysula1554 Words   |  7 PagesYevgeniy Pastukhov Semchenkov ENG 201-0908 Pr. Chrysula Norway 5/14/2017 Emancipation in The Awakening and â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† Kate Chopin’s the most well-known work The Awakening and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† both initially published in 1899, present astoundingly analogous stories of the role of women in society. Both texts are narrated from the point of view of a female protagonist who breaks away from the restraining conventions of a male-ruled society before

The Functions of the Veil for Muslims - 1359 Words

The Functions of the Veil The practice of veiling has been a topic of controversy amongst several Muslim and non-Muslim scholars (Ruby, 2006). The â€Å"new hijab phenomenon† originated in Cairo approximately two decades ago. Although not a common practice in Cairo, by the year 2000 over 80% of women adopted some form of veiling. The practice of veiling has also been embraced by several other Muslim societies around the world (Carvalho, 2013). The Western world has associated veiling as a form of oppression, gender inequality, and has been an object of pity and fear (Bullock, 2007 Haleh, 2008). However, these stereotypes are not always reflective of the many who do wear it (Bullock, 2007). Two articles will be critically reviewed. The first article, Islam and Body Politics: Inscribing (Im)morality, was presented by politics professor Asma Barlas at the Conference on Religion and Politics in the University of Iceland. This article confronts the beliefs that the world has about Islam, women and veiling, and criticizes the blasphemy of Islamic religious figure, Prophet Muhammad. The second article, Meanings of modesty and the hijab amongst Muslim women in Glasgow, Scotland, is written by sociologist Asifa Siraj. This paper investigates the significance of modesty and hijab by interviewing thirty Muslim women in Glasgow, Scotland. These articles reflect the autonomy and empowerment that Muslim women experience through the hijab by providing a sense of identity, as well as a way toShow MoreRelatedSeparation Of Religion In Australia1245 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious garments. This is certainly not the first time Australian Muslims have been mocked, discriminated and harass ed for their faith and it was certainly not the last. The Burqa is a full face covering, which is chosen to be worn by a minority of Muslim adherents in Australia. If the burqa is to worn in public places within Australia (e.g. shopping centres, schools) it inhibits the ability of the Muslim adherent to fully function in Australian society. This may occur for a number of reasons includingRead MoreA Google Search For The Term Muslim Women 1735 Words   |  7 PagesA Google search for the term ‘Muslim women’ greatly illustrates the impression and image of Islam in western society; the page fills with pictures of women in coverings, most prevalently head-to-toe black with just their eyes visible, with several women depicted in fetters. This shows the way the western eye interprets Muslim women – constantly oppressed by the patriarchal, Islamic religion; however, it is also a representation of the perceived strangeness of a society not entrenched in our beliefsRead MoreThe Veil Is A Symbol Of Religion1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe veil is a symbol of both culture and religion. In Islam, many women choose to wear a type of veil for religious reasons. A female that covers her head may be deemed as a pious and modest individual. However, there are multiple explanations for why the veil became such an important symbol in the Islamic community as well as across the globe. Despite the fact that a veil is a rather simple object, it is nonetheless full of symbolism and rich history. Unfortunately, this symbolism and history isRead MoreThe Class Reinforced My Understanding About Islam968 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Islam and â€Å"Muslims.† it opened my eyes to various things that I would not think about on my own. These are details I just do not take the time to reflect upon. In short, my paper will focus on the concepts of acculturation and assimilation. I have noticed these concepts in the books and articles we have read throughout the quart er. In the book entitled A History of Islam in The America by Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, he discusses the fact that many of the enslaved African Muslims were obligated eitherRead MoreMy Understanding About Islam And The Muslims966 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Islam and â€Å"Muslims.† it opened my eyes to various things that I would not think about on my own. These are details I just do not take the time to reflect upon. In short, my paper will focus on the concepts of acculturation and assimilation. I have noticed these concepts in the books and articles we have read throughout the quarter. In the book entitled A History of Islam in The America by Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, he discusses the fact that many of the enslaved African Muslims were obligated eitherRead MoreUnveiling The Hijab : Oppression Versus Self Determination1719 Words   |  7 Pagesheaddress worn by Muslim women, and to a lesser extent, Muslim men, based on Qur anic interpretations relating to modesty. Since religious mandates are rarely enforced in modern society, especially in Western nations, the persistent practice of wearing veils by Muslim women has received increasing scrutiny from government agencies and certain feminist groups . A common misconception stems from the belief that hijabs are used as a tool of oppression against Muslim women. However, many Muslim feminists haveRead MoreIn recent years, a small piece of cloth has managed to cause quite a stir. The scarf, or hijab,1600 Words   |  7 Pageshijab, that Muslim women wear on their heads is making headlines around the world. Hijab is bann ed in French public schools and other European countries have adopted or are thinking about a similar legislation. In Australia, a radio presenter triggered both debate and outrage when he called for the face veil (niqab) to be banned from banks and post offices. In Canada on the other hand, it is allowed to be worn freely unless in places such as airports for security reasons. Even some Muslim countriesRead MoreEvaluate Feminist Views on the Role and Functions of Religion in Society Today.724 Words   |  3 PagesEvaluate feminist views on the role and functions of religion in society today. Feminists see religion as an instrument of patriarchy which means that society is based around male domination; they believe that this is a set of beliefs and practices responsible for women’s subordination. However functionalists believe otherwise and argue that its function is not to oppress women but to keep society stable whilst Marxists believe that religion oppresses the working class not females. Most religionsRead MoreShould Muslim Women Express Their Religious Clothing? Essay2219 Words   |  9 Pages Should Muslim Women Express Their Religious Clothing? Jayleen Mack Dr. Ukene Winston Salem State University Abstract Muslim women all throughout the world are being discriminated against because of the clothing that they wear. After recent terrorist attacks, the stigma of Muslims being terrorists has become even more apparent. This has led to multiple harassments and hate crimes against Muslim women, primarily in Western countries. The discrimination has become so bad thatRead MoreMillions of people around the globe immigrate into different countries every year. For some1300 Words   |  6 Pagesespecially with the Muslims who have recently been immigrating to France. In all of the European Union, France has the largest Islamic community, with approximately five million Muslims. Yet, recent laws have been targeting the Muslim community and restricting their right to practice their religion in public places. In 2011, France banned women to wear the burqa face coverings in public settings and set a 150 to 200 euro fine for offenders. Many of the French natives see the veil as subjugation of

Management of pressure ulcers in a high risk patient a case study Free Essays

string(37) " bed with the support of wheelchair\." 1. Introduction Clinically, pressure ulcers are defined as the lesions that are the result of localized tissue damage or cell death (generally necrosis), developed because of pressure over a bony prominence.More commonly, they are also known as pressure sores or bedsores as they are mainly developed by patients that are bed-bound (Wake, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Management of pressure ulcers in a high risk patient: a case study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Approximately, 3 million adults are affected by pressure ulcers and are most common in hospitalized patients (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). However, effective management and care plans against pressure ulcers are still lacking. The role of nursing care is a fundamental aspect to pressure ulcer management, including its prevention and treatment (Wake, 2010). In this case study report, I visited a diabetic patient as a district nurse for insulin administration and provide support by assessing the patient’s risk of developing pressure ulcers due to associated pathological and other risk factors. 1.1. Purpose of the study In all health care settings, pressure ulcers remain one of the major issues. More so, pressure sores or pressure ulcers are associated with significant cause for morbidity in the medical community. The main purpose of this patient visit was to provide healthcare support for patients who were at risk of developing pressure ulcer. The healthcare support included the risk minimisation by doing risk assessment, therapeutic interventions, suggestions for lifestyle changes including exercise and dietary habit. All these were targeted with the views of providing timely assessment of pressure ulcers in high risk patients, and suggest therapeutic interventions for timely treatment of the condition. 1.2.Patient history The patient was 75 years old male, diabetic and paralysed due to recent stroke attack. He was completely bed bound and was on wheelchair. Furthermore, the patient was suffering from cancer of the oesophagus. Since the patient could not mobilize, his family members and carers used to transfer him from the bed to his wheelchair and wheelchair to his bed. 1.3. Risk assessments of needs, vulnerabilities and strengths of the patient The patient was chronically ill and had several complications associated with his conditions. Stroke attack had caused him paralysis and was unable to move. This had put him in significant risk of developing pressure ulcers. The patient was also diabetic. Diabetes causes slow healing of wounds that may lead to ulcer (Guo, et.al. 2010). In this patient, the combination of factors including diabetes and immobility had increased his risk of developing pressure ulcers. Other factors such as old age of the patient, cancer and dietary factors would trigger the development of these pressure sores. Cancer is a chronic disease that may cause severe debilitation and prolonged confinement to bed. Therefore, it is expected that patients with cancer are at significant risk of developing pressure ulcers (Walker, 2001). Diet may have a supporting role in the development of pressure ulcers. Although the role of nutrition in preventing the development of pressure ulcers is still debatable, it is obv ious that patients who are malnourished are at risk of developing those (Doley, 2010). Thus, nutrition therapy could be central in minimising the risk of developing pressure ulcers. It was seen that the patient was clearly underweight due to his chronic health conditions. Overall, the following risk factors of the patient were considered while making his assessment. Based on these risk factors, care plans and suggestions were made to minimise the risk in the patient. Sensory factor: This factor was assessed in order to identify how well the patient can process sensory input from the skin, as well as how effectively he can communicate level of sensation. Since the assessment of skin is an important way to identify patient’s risk of developing pressure ulcers, it would ensure the degree of risk of pressure ulcer in this patient and hence, take measures to prevent them before complications arise. Moisture: Moisture is another hallmark of pressure ulcers. Excess skin moisture puts patients at greater risk of developing pressure ulcers. It is common that patients who are confined to bed produce more sweat. Thus, it is required to evaluate what degree the skin is exposed to moisture. Activity Lack of activity is one of major risk factors of developing pressure ulcers in bedbound patients. Continuous friction between the skin and bed mattress may result the development of pressure sores. Measuring the activity is another important parameter to predict the patients’ risk of pressure, irrespective of their degree of mobility. Patients who are unable to move need to be physically turned by healthcare staffs or family members at regular intervals Nutrition As mentioned earlier, although nutrition may not have direct effects on the patient’s risk of developing pressure ulcers, it may be possible that lack of required nutrients may increase its complications. It is thus important to evaluate what constitutes the usual pattern and amount of caloric intake in the patients. After evaluating the above risk factors in the patient, it was concluded that the patient was likely to develop pressure ulcers if timely interventions were not introduced. These would have direct effect in patient’s health. These ulcers influence the risk of bacterial and viral infections, which can become life threatening in chronically ill patients. In addition, there is a high rate of mortality associated with pressure ulcers. Mortality rate is high as 60% is reported in older patients with pressure ulcers within 1 year of hospital discharges (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). The patient in this case study could have weakened immune system due to his old age and illnesses such as cancer and diabetes. In immune-compromised patients, the risk of infections spreading into their blood and other organs of the body are considerably high. This may result blood poisoning and septicaemia. Both these conditions are very fatal and categorised as medical emergencies (Redelings, et.al. 2005). However, despite of several associated risk factors, the patient was provided with proper care and support by his carers and family members. He was regularly taken off from his bed with the support of wheelchair. You read "Management of pressure ulcers in a high risk patient: a case study" in category "Essay examples" More so, the patient was on medications to control his blood sugar. He was also supplemented with vitamin to strengthen his immunity. To conclude, patient although was receiving appropriate healthcare service, these were mainly therapeutics which included medications against the chronic illnesses which he had. Patient and family members were lacking suggestions and expert advice in regards to minimising the risk of pressure ulcers. It was also observed that the patient was provided with a normal bed and mattress that would further trigger the risk of developing sores. 2. Interventions and referrals After evaluating the patient’s condition, as a district nurse, I provided the evidence based interventions and referrals to the patient and his family members and carers as preventive approaches of pressure ulcers. Firstly, the patient was provided with a hospital bed with pressure relieving mattresses. This would help minimise the friction between patient’s body and the bed and hence, reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. Moreover, this would provide support surfaces and help in pressure redistribution (Stannard, 2012). Several recommendations for skin care including the use of cold water instead of hot water, use of mild cleansing agents to minimise irritation and dryness of the skin and excessive moisture was suggested. The patient was also advised to avoid low humidity as it may promote scaling and dryness (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). Further suggestion such as avoiding mechanical loading was given. This is considered as one of the most effective preventive measures of p ressure ulcers in hospitalized patients (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). Thus, family members were advised to frequently turn and reposit the patient while in bed. It is essential that patient intake adequate levels of both macro and micronutrients to prevent complications of pressure ulcers. This patient was already supplemented with vitamins and minerals, so no action was taken. However, the patient was suggested to eat diet high in proteins, which are essential for wound-healing and overcome malnutrition. Management of pain is another key aspect in patients with pressure ulcers (Cooper, 2013). Pressure ulcers can be very painful and may require interventions with analgesics (Wake, 2010). However, this patient did not require analgesic treatment as the pain due to pressure ulcers was not very severe. Instead, focus was given on the preventative approaches in minimising the complications associated with pressure ulcers. Finally, the focus was given on the patient/carer education in the management of pressure ulcers. Both patient and carers/family members were made aware about the risk factors of pressure ulcers. Also, they were educated and made aware on the most vulnerable sites of the body that are at risk of developing pressure ulcers. General training was also given on how to take care of skins and methods for pressure reduction. They were told about the severity of the condition and requested to seek medical advice if symptoms of pressure ulcers persist. 3.Critical evaluation and evidence-based examination of outcomes of interventions and referrals The interventions and referrals made for the patient in this case study were evidence based. Risk assessment was made considering the standard pressure ulcer prediction tool, Braden Scale, by observing the six vital signs of pressure ulcers as explained earlier. This tool has allowed for the early prediction of pressure ulcers and thus introduction of early interventions before the complications are developed (Sving, 2014). Classification of pressure ulcers is one of the best ways to predict its outcome. Pressure ulcers are classified into various stages (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). Stage I is determined by the presence of redness in the skin. In case if the redness in the skin is observed, nurses are required to make thorough skin inspection and advice patients about the preventive measures. Stage II is characterized by the loss of skin with the presence of blisters. In stage III loss of skin is quite thick; however, not exposed to muscle or bone tissue. In this stage, there is a high risk of infections, so care should be given in personal hygiene (Sving, 2014). Also, patient should be suggested to include vitamins and minerals in the diet to prevent the possible risk of infection. In stage IV there may be an exposure to bone, tendon and muscle. This condition is considered as potentially dangerous, due to associated risk of life threatening bacterial infections. In many cases, this may also require hospi tal admission to reduce further complications (Lyder and Ayello, 2008; Sving, 2014). To conclude, nurses are required to assess various stages of pressure ulcers and provide treatments and suggestions based on these stages. This is because; different stages of pressure ulcers may require different treatment plans. Some could be minor and may be improved through general suggestions such as encouraging patients to move and involve in physical activities and maintaining healthy diet; whereas some may require therapeutic interventions including the use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, dressing and cleaning of the wound and hospital admissions if complications are severe. (Wake, 2010). Ample evidence is now available on the understanding of effective pressure ulcer treatments. Treatment strategies such as use of hospital bed, avoiding mechanical loading, and physical activity are now considered as the standard form of treatments in pressure ulcers. These approaches not only reduce the risk of pressure ulcers, but are also beneficial in lowering its complications. Furthermore, the association of pressure ulcers with other chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and stroke are well understood. Thus, much attention is to be given while giving care to the patients who have these conditions. Educating patient and family members on the risk factors and management is another approach to pressure ulcer management as suggested by NICE guidelines (Wake, 2010) However, the available knowledge on the evaluation of risk assessment of pressure seems insufficient. The evidence lacks support and requires further epidemiological research to understand risk factors of pressure ulcers in greater depth. Some of the interventions and their effectiveness including re-positioning and nutrition are still questionable. Further studies on the influence of different turning intervals on the development of pressure ulcers need to be carried out. Similarly, what specific diet is suitable for pressure ulcer patients needs further clarification. Appendix1: Care plan of the patient Risk assessmentCare goalsInterventions and evaluations Patient’s needs and vulnerabilities : old age, bed-bound, chronic diseases including cancer and diabetes, paralysed due to strokeTo identify the patient’s risk of developing pressure ulcersThe patient was provided with hospital bed, cushion for his wheelchair and family members were suggested to move the patient time to time Patient’s strength: on proper medications, carers and family members providing the support, supplemented with vitamins and minerals to boost the immune functionTo build on the patient’s strengths and to meet his needsPatient was provided with full support from the family members. High protein diet was suggested as this may improve would-healing. Signs of complications, such as pain, bacterial and viral infections.To avoid complications associated with infections including blood poisoning and septicaemiaImmune booster such as vitamins and disinfectant creams to avoid infections. References Cooper, K.L. 2013, â€Å"Evidence-based prevention of pressure ulcers in the intensive care unit†, Critical Care Nurse, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 57-66. Doley, J. 2010, â€Å"Nutrition management of pressure ulcers†, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 50-60. Guo, S and DiPietro, L.A, 2010. Journal of dental research. Factors Affecting Wound Healing, vol. 89, no. 3, 219-229. Lyder, C.H and Ayello, E.A, 2008. Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Pressure Ulcers: A Patient Safety Issue. Lyder, C.H, 2003. Clinician’s corner. Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management, vol. 289, no. 2, pp. 223-226. Lyder, C.H. 2006, â€Å"Assessing risk and preventing pressure ulcers in patients with cancer†, Seminars in oncology nursing, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 178-184. McInnes, E., Jammali-Blasi, A., Bell-Syer, S., Dumville, J. Cullum, N. 2012, â€Å"Preventing pressure ulcers–Are pressure-redistributing support surfaces effectiveA Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis†,International journal of nursing studies, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 345-359. Redelings, M.D., Lee, N.E. Sorvillo, F. 2005, â€Å"Pressure ulcers: more lethal than we thought?†, Advances in Skin Wound Care, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 367-372. Stannard, D. 2012, â€Å"Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention†, Journal of perianesthesia nursing : official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses / American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 341-342. Stechmiller, J.K. 2010, â€Å"Understanding the role of nutrition and wound healing†, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 61-68. Sving, E., Idvall, E., Hogberg, H. Gunningberg, L. 2014, â€Å"Factors contributing to evidence-based pressure ulcer prevention. A cross-sectional study†, International journal of nursing studies, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 717-725. Wake, W.T. 2010, â€Å"Pressure ulcers: what clinicians need to know†, The Permanente journal, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 56-60. How to cite Management of pressure ulcers in a high risk patient: a case study, Free Case study samples

Social Media Metrics of Qantas Airways †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Social Media Metrics of Qantas Airways. Answer: Analysis of Social Media Metrics Qantas Airways Qantas Airways remains to be the largest airlines around the global society and serves thousands of passengers daily. The use of social media metrics in the corporation continues to receive massive comments daily from the companys customers. Qantas Airways has been using various social media sites to promote their operations. The use of social media metrics by Qantas Airways has given its targeted and loyal customers the best option to receive any service from their place of comfort (Mickhail, 2012). Besides, the company uses social media metrics in promoting their activities around the global business society. Definition of Social media metrics of Qantas Airways In Qantas Airways, social media metric involves the addition of stakeholders into the portal or page that it creates in the social working sites. The creation of companys page in the social media makes several stakeholders follow its operations that later leads to the promotion of its services. The use of social media metrics by Qantas Airways makes the public to understand its rates of flights and services (Mickhail, 2012). Besides, the social media metrics of Qantas Airways allows its customers to post their status on the social page of the company for any service that they wish to receive or that they had received. Purpose of social media metrics of Qantas Airways The primary objective of social media metrics of Qantas Airways is to improve the relationship of the company with its stakeholders that can access the social sites regularly. Qantas Airways can enhance their positioning of their services by targeting as well as improving their relationships with various stakeholders. The use of social media metrics by Qantas Airways has allowed many people to learn about the operations of the company and its functionalities (Praude Skulme, 2015). The use of social media metrics by the company helps it getting the information from the targeted customers on how they can improve or maintain their operations. Information gathered through social media metrics of Qantas Airways Qantas airways use social media metrics collecting information from its loyal customers. The collected information through the social media metrics by Qantas Airways enables the company to identify significant data that concerns their operations. The company has ensured that they build them as the strong presence in the application of social media platform together with the updated software system that allows its management to receive feedbacks from their esteemed clients.Qantas Airlines uses social media metrics to giving updates that concern their wide range of services (Lawrance et al., 2017). Therefore, the use of social media metrics of Qantas Airways allows the management and its customers of the corporation to comment their suggestions against the posts of the top executive. Usefulness of metrics of common media of Qantas Airways The uses of societal media metrics by Qantas Airways form major device operations of the company. The applicaion of common media metrics allows management of Qantas Airways to evaluate every activity and service in the appropriate as well as in an efficient approach (Peters et al., 2013). For instance, application of societal medium metrics allows Qantas Airways to judge the opinions from their targeted customers. Social media has enabled the Qantas Airways to make a direct communication with his clients as opposed to many organizations and this has allowed the organization to increase its revenue. The negative comments received through social media by the Qantas Airways have allowed its management to assess their service quality leading to the improved service delivery. Benefits of societal medium metrics The application of common media metrics by the Qantas Airways result to huge benefits about the management of the organization. The social media metrics have allowed the management of Qantas Airways to understand their current position in the marketplace. The ideas of the understanding marketplace have also allowed the management to judge the overall base of their loyal and targeted clients (Wilburn Wilburn, 2015). Therefore, understanding of operational activities through the application of common media metrics has enabled Qantas Airways to make the sound as well as fruitful strategies over the matter. Shortcoming of social media metrics Several flaws result from the use of social media metrics by the Qantas Airways. It leads to poor feedback from the companys clients, and this hampers the social values along with the reputations of the processes of conducting companys operations. In some cases, customers tend to make false comments, and this could lead to a massive issue for the operations of Qantas Airways (Praude Skulme, 2015). Besides, comments negatively target individuals within the organization can affect the companys reputation and goodwill. Net Promoter Score of Qantas Airways Social media acts as a net promoter score for the operations of the Qantas Airways. It allows the company to understand the loyalty of its clients. Therefore, the score of the net promoter can be applicable by Qantas Airways to gain the extra attention of customers while judging the comments of their customers (Peters et al., 2013). However, the significant disadvantage that results in the use of social media metrics by Qantas Airways is that it can lead to conflict situation when the organization is unable to execute all sorts of its services in an organized manner. ROI of Qantas Airways ROI remains to be the essential device through which the management of Qantas Airways can use in understanding their investment outcome on the social media platforms. It is the original return in the overall investment on the use of social media metrics (Tllinen Karjaluoto, 2011). Qantas Airways uses the process of RIO in gaining appropriate understanding concerning the issue as well as in justifying results of obtained results. Social Media goals of Qantas Airways Therefore, social media metrics of Qantas Airways remains to be an essential factor that the company considers to achieve its objectives and targets during its operations. Moreover, the increment in some posts in the social media metrics of Qantas Airways have aided it to gain recognition among various clients in marketplaces, and thus the company has been able to be successful (Ruby et al., 2015). Stakeholders can use the social media metrics of Qantas Airways to show their concern on matters that affect them about the enterprise. Findings and Recommendation It is evident that by the help of social media metrics, Qantas Airways can be able to gain best feedbacks from the end of their targeted clients. It is necessary for the management of Qantas Airways to focus on the issues that can make the use of social media to affect their operations. The management can use the useful tool like the Google Alerts to judge their current state of the business (Wilburn Wilburn, 2015). Besides, the Qantas Airways can use Pinterest as a social media analytic device as a business advertisement tool. Conclusion For Qantas Airways to achieve huge returns during their operations, it should select the appropriate social media metrics that suite the plan of its needs. The use of social media metrics by Qantas Airways should involve the measure in number of posts, number of followers, number of stakeholders comments, the score of the net promoter, along with return on investment. References Lawrance, N., Sukkarieh, S. and Masson, B. (2017). Using High-Frequency Data for Predicting Fuel Use of Jet Transport Aircraft. Journal of Aircraft, pp.1-11. Mickhail, G. (2012). Qantas the Limping Kangaroo. SSRN Electronic Journal. Peters, K., Chen, Y., Kaplan, A., Ognibeni, B. and Pauwels, K. (2013). Social Media Metrics A Framework and Guidelines for Managing Social Media. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), pp.281-298. Praude, V. and Skulme, R. (2015). Social Media Campaign Metrics in Latvia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 213, pp.628-634. Ruby, A., Perna, L., Boruch, R. and Wang, N. (2015). Are There Metrics for MOOCS From Social Media?. Online Learning, 19(5). Skulme, R. and Praude, V. (2016). Social media evaluation metrics. Oeconomia Copernicana, 7(1), p.131. Tllinen, A. and Karjaluoto, H. (2011).Marketing communication metrics for social media. International Journal of Technology Marketing, 6(4), p.316. Wilburn, K. and Wilburn, R. (2015). Social purpose in a social media world. Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(2), pp.163-177.

Theme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Theme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares most famous and popular plays. It tells the story of two starcrossd lovers and addresses such themes as Romance but also tragedy. However it also contains themes of violence/conflict/death. The play begins with a prologue which is kind of a summary of the play but doesnt give all the details of the play away to the audience as it includes the setting of the play and a bit of background information. Then a fued is introduced straight away between the younger generation of the two rival families which are the Montagues and the Capulets. We will write a custom essay on Theme of Conflict in Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I am going to examine the theme of conflict in Act 1 Scene 1 and Act 3 Scene 5. Here we have the opening scene set in Verona. With bawdy banter, Sampson and Gregory discuss their hatred towards the house of Montague and spot two Montagues and discuss about provoking a fight without breaking the law. Sampson bites his thumb at the Montagues which is seen as a highly insulting gesture which results a fight breaking out. In shakespearean times, Women were seen as a mans possession and had no right to an education. Women back then were to have children and look after the house. Prostitution was quite big back then and it relates to Gregory and Sampson, talking of raping Montague women. Stage direction are used throughout the play. They fight is an example of one one which is used in this scene just after Tybalt expresses his opinion towards Peace. As soon as They Fight appears, that is the point where it gets physical and brutal. After Prince Escalus has mad his speech on the brawl the Montagues and Capulets realise that they cant fight anymore as a death penalty has been instituted. Prince Escalus just wants Verona to be a land of not war but peace. In the next scene i am going to examine, we see conflict but in a different way as it is between father and daughter (Lord Capulet and Juliet). Just after Romeo has fleed into exile, Lady Capulet tells Juliet about Capulet’s plan for her to marry Paris on Thursday, explaining that he wishes to make her happy. Juliet is appalled. She rejects the match, saying â€Å"I will not marry yet; and when I do, I swear / It shall be Romeo—whom you know I hate— Rather than Paris† (3. 5. 121–123). Capulet enters the chamber. When he learns of Juliet’s determination to defy him he becomes enraged and threatens to disown Juliet if she refuses to obey him. When Juliet entreats her mother to intercede, her mother denies her help. This scene is more about the violent language and behaviour of the father to his daughter as it is seen as abuse. Capulet shouts horrible remarks at Juliet such as D isobedient wretch! . This is because she had disobeyed her father. Capulet had made his word clear to Paris that Juliet will marry him and in them days what the man in the house said goes and for Juliet to disobey her father is seen as an insult. In them days, you didnt marry for love but for security and your father would choose someone suitable. Capulet feels as though Juliet should be grateful that he has found a perfect match for her. The language of the father towards Juliet kind of contrasts towards Gregory and Sampsons dicussion about raping Montague women as both seem to put women in a lower class as it was like that back then. The play Romeo and Juliet has to have a conflict because; it is one of the main themes in the play. The disagreements and fight between the two family, that is Capulet and he Montague, their children Romeo and Juliet who truly were in love with each other end up dying. So, after this incident, the quarrels stop between the two families. The whole play starts because of the mutual hostility and conflict between the Capulet and the Montague and ends with tragedy of two lovers. .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .postImageUrl , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:hover , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:visited , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:active { border:0!important; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:active , .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534 .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua48b5e36024797a7c19d3c9ecb7b7534:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Susan Glaspells Trifles EssayThe abundant swordplay throughout the play affects the theme of conflict used in ? Romeo and Juliet?. In this play, there are spontaneous actions of the characters rather than their thoughts. There are many types of conflicts to be appeared in this play such as family conflicts society conflicts and generation conflicts. When lady Capulet wants Juliet to marry Paris but Juliet wants to marry Romeo, appears to be a conflict between them. There is also conflict in the two families and their general relationship with their children.

Biochemical Engineering1 essays

Biochemical Engineering1 essays How would you like to examine physical properties of a wide array of different animals? Not only that but also research the processes of many organisms? If this sounds exciting, then biochemical engineering is the best career choice for you! Biochemists find many amazing things. For example, a biochemist discovered that increased flexing of a certain pelvic muscle helps to stimulate the activity in your brain. If you wanted a great job like this college is not always required. You can get internships with companies. In these internships you help out fellow scientist in there everyday duties. That can lead to self employed jobs which you control the experiments and do what you please. But this doesnt happen often, most of the time you will need to go to college for at least two years for your bachelors degree. Studies at Rutgers University for Chemistry include general chemistry for engineers, introduction to computers for engineers, engineering lectures, calculus, and physics. After you finish college the money will be rollin in. Biochemical engineers in Wisconsin make anywhere between $38,873 and $47,403 per year. For example there is a job in Madison as a product evaluation specialist for a prominent biotechnology firm. They evaluate the operation of new products and their effects. Now you see that this is a very fun, exciting, and promising job. I would recommend seeing your guidance councilor to see what local colleges would best suit your biochemical interests. Biochemistry: Protein Arrays Step Out of DNAs Shadow!, Science Service, Robert F.; 9-8-2000 http://sol.rutgets.edu/Web2000/biochem.html ...

Business and IT

Information Technology (IT) is vogue today. It is penetrating in the lives of every generation. Everyone is using it for various purposes but the younger generation uses it the most. Thus generation has the glimpse of IT in all the work indulging daily life as well as the professional sector (Hamel & Prahalad, 2013). Earlier IT was not in much trend and thus, people used o do the work differently. Today, the way younger generations work is different from that of the older one. The differences between their ways of working are- Earlier, people used to do all the works manually, but now no one is done so. People do not prefer pen and paper work anymore. Everyone looks for digitalized things. Earlier there were mangers for every field but today the managers are replaced by systems (Crain, 2015). puters do all the work that people used to do. Use of technology increases the transparency between firm and the customers and also in every level of employees. Also, it saves great amount of money and thus enabling the firm to utilize the money in other sectors. The older generation might not know the proper use of technology and thus gap may arise between the generations giving rise to many other issues. The environment of the firm may get spoilt because of this. Thus, use of IT must be done in an organization with proper assistance and surveillance keeping the older generations in mind. Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C. K. (2013). peting for the Future. Harvard Business Press. Crain, W. (2015).  Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Psychology Press.

Non-current assets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Non-current assets - Essay Example The paper will look at two standards by the IAS, which are the IAS 16 and IAS 38 regarding non-current assets. This paper attempts to analyze the standards that IAS sets regarding accounting of non-current assets. It sets these guidelines on how organizations and companies should handle both tangible and intangible non-current assets. IAS is responsible for setting international auditing standards so that they act as guidelines for auditors and accountants to follow regarding non-current assets (Kirk, 234). Each part in the accounting profession has its own standards as a guide on how to handle it. For instance, handling plant and machinery under IAS 16 is different from dealing with intangible non-current assets under IAS 38. This creates a form of independence when dealing with various aspects in the accounting process. IAS standards on Property, plant, and equipment IAS 16 defines handling of property, plant and equipment which is different from IAS 38 which defines handling of in tangible assets in financial statements. Property, plant and equipment are all fixed tangible assets; therefore, adoption of a common method when dealing with them in the accounting process. ... The first guideline is their initial measurement which entails the initial cost and all other cost necessary to make the assets ready for use. It also includes capitalization of interest costs. The other step is the subsequent measurement of the fixed assets which entails depreciation and disposal of assets (Kirk, 234). The rule of Impairment and disposing of the assets indicates how to dispose of such assets in terms of the guidelines. Accounting standards regarding these three assets provides a guideline on how to classify long-lived assets that are held for sale and those held for use. Long-lived assets that are meant to be held for sale do not depreciate; therefore, their presentation should be separate. They should be placed separately in a statement of financial position. This is because they are not in the business for use, rather they are for sale; hence, their selling price does not fall. The accounting standards provide rules and formula regarding how to measure this type o f fixed assets (Kirk, 250). The other guideline regarding plant, property and equipment is the discontinued operations for those assets held for sale and those held for use. The impairment test and recoverability test give rules regarding recoverability of fixed assets and those that are not recoverable. There are also rules on the impairment loss on plant, property and equipment under the accounting standards. The standards provide for impairment loss that can be reversed, and that is unversed. This indicates how these types of losses are recognized when preparing financial statement (Alexander, 359). The standards also give conditions on when such losses cannot be reversed, for instance in situations where there is an increase in the fair value of plant,

Prepare a consultants report for the Schwab Case Essay

Prepare a consultants report for the Schwab Case - Essay Example This report contains the strategic audit of Charles Schwab and Company. The Instruments used are SWOT analysis and SWOT matrix. Analysis of the company’s position has been undertaken. Different technology models have also been applied in order to undertake the analysis of the technology practices in the company. In the end suggestions and recommendations are presented in order to improve the competitive position of the Company. The strategy of a company requires constant updating. With the changing conditions of market and industry it is important for an organization to keep its strategy in tact with the changing environment. An out dated strategy cannot fulfil the needs of today’s global environment. In order to go through the updating process the organizations should carry on an audit to analyze which aspect requires improvement. It also specifies what strategy is necessary to support the business operations, the information people use currently and the gaps in these functions and the business goals. By assessing the knowledge possessed by an organization about its competitors and market environment the mangers can effectively take decisions in order to find the most feasible way for their businesses to maximize profits and improve market share. It is also important to calculate the extent to which change needs to be introduced to the organization. Although the identification of the problem is a big issue but the finding a solution making sense with business world is the main purpose of change in the organization. â€Å"Back in 1970 Alvin Toffler in Future Shock (Toffler, A. 1970) describes a trend towards accelerating rates of change. He illustrated how social and technological norms had shorter life spans with each generation, and he questioned societys ability to cope with the resulting turmoil and anxiety. In the volatile business environment of the 21st century the most important requirement of today’s

Global Warming And Its Many Ramifications Essay Example for Free

Global Warming And Its Many Ramifications Essay The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) supports all ordinances involving environmental protection and the abatement of natural resources degradation. These laws aim to restrict people from abusing the environment and destroying the natural habitats of numerous species. The CATO Institute in Washington believes that the government is not doing enough in terms of environmental protection. The institute emphasizes that government intervention needs to exert more effort in pursuing environmental preservation. The government is essential in pursuing this goal since this endeavor requires a huge amount of monetary and human resources and may not be achieved by a small number of people only (439-440). With the population continually increasing, natural resources are quickly dwindling, and with the loss of natural habitat, the flora and fauna also perish. Currently, the government pursues strategies that aim to protect the plants and animals affected by heightened human development. Better laws and ordinances need to be passed for the government to effectively preserve the ecosystem. If not, the world risks the possibility of humans satisfying only their own needs and satisfaction, without thinking of the long-term effects of development (U. S. EPA) Crucial Environmental Issues The emergence of numerous environmental issues, including the extinction of several plants and animals as well as changes in weather patterns, caused the government to implement restrictions on the activities of man affecting the environment. However, despite the efforts on the part of the government, environmental problems still occur. According to the U. S. EPA, fragmented tactics are not expected to be effective in protecting the environment as only the obvious problems are being undertaken, while the complex and less obvious environmental issues still remain. The U. S. EPA believes that it is important for the government to change the fundamentals of environmental policies. More restrictions need to be incorporated whenever development is envisioned. This is because with the current rate of development, plants and animals are in danger of not continuing to live in their natural habitats. Population explosion depletes the natural resources, which include plants and animals, which humans consume for their survival. In addition, human settlements also destroy the natural habitats of numerous species. Howard M. Singletary, Director of Plant Industry of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, believes that biological diversity is essential in environmental protection (Evaluate the Social). Conserving biological diversity involves the protection of the entire ecosystem. Humans may see themselves as important or more important than the plants and animals that get destroyed as a result of increased population, but it should be noted that the environmental issues that man is facing at the present time are due to the absence of preventive planning. The short-term economic and monetary gains have frequently been treated as more important than the ecosystem. Yet, the destruction of plants and animals as well as their habitat contribute much in global warming and extreme weather situations. (Evaluate the Social). Humanity needs to see the impact of overdevelopment. People also need to realize that they need to invest and sacrifice certain conveniences and luxuries in order to achieve long-term environmental goals. The scientific community and several advocacy groups are supporting government efforts to preserve the environment. The global movement is for the greater good and is based on the fact the earth and everything in it is not owned by a single individual, group or corporation. The scale of the human economy is now such that the wilderness areas that sustain much of the world’s remaining biological diversity are shrinking fast. The rates of wildlife habitat takeover and of species extinctions are the fastest they have ever been in recorded history, and they are accelerating. Tropical forests, the world’s richest species habitats, have already been 55 percent destroyed, and the current rate exceeds 168,000 square kilometers per year. (Evaluate the Social). Stabilizing populations Stabilizing population is more important in industrial countries than in developing countries, since the former overconsume and hence overpollute and are thereby responsible for the greatest increase in the impact of human activities on the already overtaxed environment. The richest 20 percent of the world consume over 70 percent of the world’s commercial energy. Thirteen countries have already reached a fertility rate required in order to achieve zero population growth, so it is not utopian to expect others to follow. The population growth-rate of developing countries of course must also be reduced dramatically. Their population is now 77 percent of the world’s total, and they are responsible for 90 percent of the world’s annual population growth. (Evaluate the Social). The poor must be helped and will justifiably demand to reach at least minimally acceptable living standards by obtaining access to the remaining natural resource base. When industrial nations switch from input growth to qualitative development, more resources and environmental functions will be available for the poor in the South. Scientists observe that as the planet warms up, a great deal of ice and snow near the poles will probably start to melt. That will expose dark tundra and dark seas. That will warm things up – like painting a white roof black. The darker the terrain gets, the warmer those parts of the world will get. More snow will melt there, making the terrain even hotter. All these explanations fill more than thirty pages of rather small print in the Philosophical Magazines, and every one of the calculations had to be solved by hand. To make a greenhouse forecast, experts now build what amounts to a working scales model of the Earth inside a supercomputer. They start with a blank globe, divided into a grid like the grid of latitude and longitude. Typically each box in the grid covers several hundred miles on a side. These boxes are stacked from the surface of the planet high into the atmosphere – a dozen layers of giant boxes of air. Public concern over environmental policy was minimal until the end of the nineteenth century. As the United States expanded westward, the horizon seemed to present an unlimited supply of land, water, mineral deposits and timber. Farming techniques reflected little concern for minimizing soil depletion. Forests were cleared without concern for reforestation or the devastation of soil erosion. Minerals were mined and metals smelted without concern for their effects on fresh-water supplies; when contamination did result, it seemed a minor problem, because alternative sources of water seemed endless. (Royan, 2001). Despite a history of conservation policies, fundamental concerns over environmental protection were still absent from the policy agenda as late as the 1950s. The publication of Silent Spring in 1962 drew attention to the dangers of pesticides such as DDT, in the food chain. The sense of social responsibility that emerged in the 1960s also moved environmental policy from the background to the forefront of the policy agenda. Energy made it to the headlines once again in the year 2000; a shocking power crisis hit the state of California (Royan, 2001). Companies had realized once more that the horrors brought about by serious energy problems over the past three decades had not gone away. The California electricity crisis could potentially fan out towards other states; not only impact would it impact the profitability of a company, but could certainly put many out of business. As the new century fast approaches, the world has slowly realized the synergy between energy conservation and global economic competitiveness. Energy conservation entails the elimination of wastes through the improvement of industrial facilities and processes. Energy conservation also implies environment preservation through pollution prevention, and mitigating the trends toward global warming. Global competitiveness goes hand in hand with energy conservation, and many industrial firms from all over the world have realized that. Worldwide energy consumption in recent years has continued to escalate not only in developed countries but also in developing countries, primarily as a result of rapid industrialization and improvement in the standard of living. In a recent survey conducted by the Association of Energy Engineers, about 22 percent among those surveyed claimed to have reduced accumulated costs by $5 million or more by implementing energy conservation strategies (Cornforth, 1992). The potential for additional savings is still great. Thirty-six percent among those surveyed indicated that further savings that amount to over 10 percent are possible. Thus, investment in protocols that promote energy conservation has proven to be effective in saving costs by reducing waste materials resulting from industrial processes. As the next century approaches, the economic world has gradually come to realize that energy conservation offers the most profitable competitive advantage. Marked improvements in the efficiency of industrial processes or facilities to save fuel consumption reduce wastage. HiTAC has been a significant energy conservation development in recent years, and is now applied to industrial furnaces in many factories worldwide. A positive consequence of saving energy is minimizing greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. Because of the increased efficiency in combustion using HiTAC, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide-byproducts of incomplete burning, are reduced. Therefore, HiTAC saves on operational costs by making fuel consumption more efficient; and consequently, efficient fuel consumption minimizes waste products, among which are greenhouse gases that trigger global warming. (Hotel Sarofim, 1967). Major Changes Taking Place in the US Population and Projected Problems Due to the Climate Changes The US is said to have the highest population of the developed nations, and one of the highest population growth rates at one percent, equivalent to 2. 5 million new Americans every year (Haub). Three national population trends that have been identified in a recent US census are changes in geographic distribution, changes in ethnic composition, and the effect of immigration on population (Haub). With regard to the changing geographic distribution of the population, the population is said to be shifting from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West, both because of internal migration and immigration from other countries (Haub). With regard to ethic composition, while ethnic minorities are said to comprise 25 percent of the population currently, that percentage will increase to 50 percent in 50 years, with Asians rising in numbers from 7. 1 to 40 million by 2050, and Hispanics rising in numbers to 90 million in 2050, constituting 22 percent of the population (Haub). Immigration, on the other hand, presently accounts for a third of the population increase yearly, and is expected to be a major contributor to population growth in the future (Haub). It naturally follows that the South and West will have to deal with the attendant problems of the shifting geographic distribution in its favor, while the change in ethnic composition can be predicted to contribute its own set of problems. Problems Causing the Decline in the Quality of Life in Cities, Possible Solutions It is said that more than a billion urban dwellers, out of a total of three billion, are located in slum areas, with half living in Asia (Whelan). This is indicative of the mammoth problems of governments with regard to the provision for food (Sustainable Development Networking Program), opportunities for employment, environmental degradation, sanitation, and general quality of living in cities. Another problem causing the decline in quality of life is said to be urban sprawl, whose effects range from over-congestion to pollution (Goodwin). In the US, the states that are the destination of internal and external migration and immigration in the ongoing shift in geographic distribution of the population that will have to deal with these issues. Proposed solutions include the revision of federal laws to limit immigration, the creation of boundaries that will redirect urban growth to places where urban services can be provided, and tighter control on allowable density and housing (Goodwin). There are many environmentalists like Senator Hillary who had been bold about her support on the Supreme Court’s Global Warming Decision. She states that the scientific consensus is that global warming poses a serious threat to human activities (Statement of Senator Hillary Clinton on the Supreme Court†¦2007, par 1). She challenges President Bush to address this pressing global environmental threat as soon as possible. Issues on the Ozone In the discussions on the ozone hole, it is but apt to provide a brief explanation on what exactly is the ozone and how it is formed. The ozone, according to the Centre for Atmospheric Science, â€Å"forms a layer in the stratosphere, thinnest in the tropics (around the equator) and denser towards the poles†. More specifically, â€Å"[O]zone is a toxic, strong reactive compound consisting of three oxygen atoms† (Francois). As explained by the Centre for Atmospheric Science, the ozone is formed â€Å"when ultraviolet [radiation coming from the sun], strikes the stratosphere, dissociating (or splitting) oxygen molecules to atomic oxygen†¦[that] quickly combines with further oxygen molecules to form ozone† More commonly, the ozone is known as the layer that protects human beings and other living things from the harmful rays of the sun, more specifically, the ultraviolet rays-shielding us from being stricken by skin cancer. This common conception of the ozone layer, which provides a good notion of what ozone is, is just one side of the coin. Scientists refer to this more commonly know ozone as the stratospheric ozone (Centre for Atmospheric Science). On the other side of the coin is the tropospheric or the ground level ozone, which is considered as a major health hazard, is a â€Å"major constituent of photochemical smog† (Centre for Atmospheric Science). It is referred to as a pollutant because of its being lethal if inhaled (Newman). Ozone Facts According to the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), the story of the ozone hole has its roots from the chlorofluorocarbons or CFC’s, â€Å"a family of most commonly used industrial compounds†. CFC’s was invented by Thomas Midgley in 1928 which later on was called as a â€Å"miracle compound† due to its proven useful for man’s convenience (NRDC). Since then, it was effectively â€Å"used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of some types of packaging† (Francois). However, decades after the â€Å"miracle compound† was invented and used in many industries and households as effective refrigerants, it was found out that it had caused a serious damage to the environment, more particularly to the ozone layer. It took American scientists Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland to prove that the â€Å"miracle compound† turned out to be damaging to the environment as they hypothesized in 1974 that CFC’s â€Å"possibly played an active role in the depletion of the ozone layer† (NRDC). This announcement had sparked heated debates not just among scientists but also among policymakers, environmentalists and industry players on the â€Å"whys and wherefores of ozone depletion† (NRDC). It was explained by Newman that CFC’s became harmful to the ozone because of its chlorine make-up and â€Å"it turn[ed] out that CFC’s are an excellent way of introducing chlorine into the ozone layer†. This happens as the ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun strikes CFC’s that go up into the altitude of the ozone layer, this UV radiation breaks down CFC’s and frees chlorine (Newman). After chlorine has been freed, this â€Å"has the potential to destroy large amount of ozone† (Newman). Francois also provides connection of the thinning of the ozone layer to the introduction of large amount of chlorine in the atmosphere through the use of CFC’s. The Centre for Atmospheric Science stated that â€Å"Evidence that human activities affect the ozone layer has been building up over the last 20 years, ever since scientists first suggested that the release of CFC’s into the atmosphere could reduce the amount of ozone over our heads†. But prior to the hole being discovered, the negative effects of the CFC’s were never taken seriously by the majority of the people as they were not convinced on the connection between CFC’s and the depletion of the ozone layer (NRDC). In 1985, a major discovery had brought great alarm to the whole world as it was discovered by Joseph Farman and his colleagues that there was a hole in the ozone layer (Newman [b]). In fact, the severity of the discovered ozone depletion made the English scientist in the Halley Bay station in Antarctica, who discovered the hole, to think that the equipment he used to measure the extent of the hole was broken (NRDC). He sent the equipment back to England to have the equipment repaired but when he tried to measure the depletion again, his initial finding that the ozone layer had been depleted was confirmed (Francois). Another theoretical attempt, which later on was proven to be correct, was the â€Å"recipe of the ozone loss† as summarized by the Centre for Atmospheric Science as follows: †¢ â€Å"The polar winter leads to the formation of the polar vortex which isolates the air within it. †¢ â€Å"Cold temperatures form inside the vortex; cold enough for the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). As the vortex air is isolated, the cold temperatures and the PSCs persist. †¢ â€Å"Once the PSCs form, heterogeneous reactions take place and convert the inactive chlorine and bromine reservoirs to more active forms of chlorine and bromine. †¢ â€Å"No ozone loss occurs until sunlight returns to the air inside the polar vortex and allows the production of active chlorine and initiates the catalytic ozone destruction cycles. Ozone loss is rapid. The ozone hole currently covers a geographic region a little bigger than Antarctica and extends nearly 10km in altitude in the lower stratosphere. â€Å" Basically, the preceding enumeration of the â€Å"recipe of the ozone loss† is similar to the Heterogeneous Chemistry Theory that proposed chemical reactions occurring within the ozone layer. This also explains why the hole is over Antarctica and not over the other continents. The atmospheric conditions prevailing in Antarctica, which is its having ultra cold temperature, suits the chemical reactions that take place resulting to ozone depletion. Consequences of Depleted Ozone The most common knowledge as to the adverse effects of the depletion of the ozone layer is that it increases the penetration of the ultraviolet radiation resulting to more skin cancer. As Francois puts it, â€Å"[W]hen this protective layer is reduced, it has dramatic consequences on life† such as slower photosynthesis among plants as increased radiation results to less metabolism; destruction of micro-organisms which play a vital role in the food chain; and, the increase in cases of skin cancer. Basically, the depletion of the ozone layer can result to an enormous change in the ecological balance. It is a universal fact, based on the studies and researches that have been made, that a little tip in the ecological balance could result to a mammoth change in our environment that could adversely affect the way people live. The slight increase in temperature can cause destructive floods to countries surrounded by oceans. In the case of the increase in the ozone hole, it can results to unfavorable changes in our environment starting from the destruction of micro-organisms and the instability that it causes to the metabolism of plants responsible to changes in photosynthesis. These changes may not be visible in the present time, which makes many people complacent and insensitive as to their roles in the protection of the ozone layer, but catastrophic results can be felt in the near future.

Writing Styles in the Puritan Time Period :: essays research papers

In American Literature, the period of the Puritans sticks out as a time with many great authors. Two, William Bradford and Reverend Jonathan Edwards are still studied today. Bradford was an author who wrote about the historical section of Puritan life, while Edwards was a great speaker who wrote sermons to give in front of his congregation. Although living in the same time period Reverend Jonathan Edwards and William Bradford used very different styles of writing. In writing, praise and everyday living the Puritans favored the ordinary and simple. William Bradford wrote in what is considered the 'plain style.' This form of writing was used by many Puritan authors and was thought to be direct and to the point. The plain style consisted of simple sentences and everyday used language. It never had figures of speech and especially not any imagery. A good example of this style is found in the passage from Bradford's Of Plymouth Plantation, "They began now to gather in the small harvest they had, and to fit up their houses against winter, being all well recovered in health and strength and had all things in good plenty." William took this otherwise exciting story of the Puritans first winter and wrapped it all into one monotonous sentence. Bradford's word choice epitomized the 'plain style' and that was all the Puritan society would read or hear until Jonathan Edwards. The Reverend Jonathan Edwards chose a style expressing his concerns much more creatively than his fellow Puritan authors. Jonathan's style was almost the complete opposite than the 'plain style.' He used many figures of speech and metaphors. An example of one of these fiery metaphors is from his speech, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God , "The God that holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked." Reverend Edwards was comparing God and man to someone holding a spider over a fire. Another excellent illustration of this vivid description is from the same speech, "O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: It is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God." This shows that Reverend Edwards also used these figures of speech to strike fear in his audience. He used this fear factor to make the "natural men" of his audience, truly understand the horror of their sins. This style of writing differed so

The mortals as well as the immortals

Shakespeare in his drama â€Å" A Midsummer-Night’s Dream† has tried to show that the course of romantic love never runs smooth. He has made the readers and the viewers realize that this world doesn’t receive the lovers with garlands, rather it try to litter the path, where lovers tread, with thorns.   try their level best to keep the lovers away from tying the nuptial knots. The final consummation of lovers’ passion into marriage depends solely on their commitments to their passions and their steadfastness in achieving their goals. In this essay we will try to prove the assertion `the course of true love never did run smooth’. Shakespeare 1.1.134, supporting our viewpoints by instances taken from the drama, â€Å" A Midsummer-Night’s Dream†.Fathers and mothers-the universal, eternal and traditional enemies of innocent lovers:It happens in real life as well as Shakespeare made us see it in the drama too that fathers, mothers or both try to spoil the love-broth, that their sons and daughters cook with such warm feelings and passion. In this dram Egeus played this despicable role. He proved himself an adamant and unyielding father.He wishes his daughter to be slave to his iron will. He comes to complain to the duke against his child’s behavior who refuses to marry Demetrius .He, therefore, requests the Duke that the time-honored law of Athens, which gives full authority to a parent to dispose of his child on any way he like, should be place din his hand. He was blind to the fact that â€Å" Love obeys no law†. Though Hermia wanted her father to agree with her views but he, on the other hand, cried,â€Å"I beg the ancient privilege of Athens,/As she is mine, I may dispose of her:/Which shell be either to this gentleman/Or to her death, according to our law/Immediately provided in that case.If the passion of love is true and intense, it will get itself realized no matter how heavy the odds are:Shakes peare made the viewers and the readers realize that if the passion of love is true it will definitely be precipitate into marriage in spite of all the dangers that threaten it. Hermia’s devotedness to her love was so strong enough that she chooses to live ‘ a barren sister all her life’ than to dessert her lover and marry the other man of her father’s choice.She run away with her lover, under the spell of her passion, and succeeded in marrying the man of her choice in the end and lived happily ever after. Like wise the case with Helena who is in love with Demetrius. Such is the intensity of her passion for her lover that she said to him,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"And I am sick when I look not on you.†   Shakespeare 2.1.214.  She knew that Demetrius wanted to marry Hermia but she believed in the truth of her love and thus at last succeeded in winning him over to her side. Shakespeare here suggests that true love is immensely powerful.

Gothic a Revival of Culture

The Gothic, through the motif of the double explores the struggle between the good and evil within man† To what extent are Poe's short stories, Coleridge's Christabel and R. L Stevenson's Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde explorations of the duality of man. The gothic, as a fictional genre, came about as a result ot cultural changes in the eighteenth century; these cultural changes began to form through the renaissance. This transitional period between the Medieval Era and the modern world changed the way of thinking. The word itself means â€Å"revival† or â€Å"rebirth†.Moving further away rom religious devotion it allowed new ideas to form, thus the development of the gothic. â€Å"Hlstorlcally, the Goths were one of several Germanic tribes Instrumental In the fall of the Roman Empire†¦ [they] left no literature or art of their own, [and were] remembered only as the invaders and destroyers of the great Roman civilization. † 1 This historical aspect allowed the development of the new boundary pushing form of literature, Introducing elements of horror and romance Into newly formed gothic texts.The first gothic novel published was The Castle of Otranto, subtitled as â€Å"A Gothic Story† written by the English author Horace Walpole. This new style of writing was imitated both through prose fiction and theatrical drama through the texts; Coleridge's poem Christabel, many of Edgar Allan Poes short stories and R. L Stevenson's Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Through time the interpretations of a gothic text changes, allowing the readers to challenge what they read. All three texts were published in the 19th century, except the first edition of Christabel (published 1797).This time period was primarily based around religion and Biblical Interpretations. And so, these new strange ideas may have angered the audiences due to the lack of religious devotion from the authors onto the characters, The ‘double', otherwise known as the ‘Doppelga nger,' was defined by Federick S. Frank as â€Å"a second self or alternate Identity, sometimes, but not always, a physical twin. The Doppelganger in demonic form can be a reciprocal or lower bestial self†2 The double motif suggests that we are burdened with a dual, for example, Dr.Jekyll and his evil double Mr. Hyde are contrasted to represent the battle between the rational, intellectual self (Jekyll) and the irrational, foul selt (Hyde). The double characters featured In texts are often paired within common relationships, such as family relations, hero/villain, creator/creature, etc. R. L. Stevenson's novel. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde expresses the idea of the duality of human nature; however this motif did not arise fully until the last few chapters, when the relationship between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Is revealed.We have already witnessed Hyde's overriding violence and have seen the contrasting gentle and honorable Dr. Jekyll, One of the main themes of the double is physic al appearance as Hyde is portrayed in animalistic erms: â€Å"short†, â€Å"hairy, and like a â€Å"troglodyte† with â€Å"gnarled hands† and a â€Å"horrific face†. But, In contrast, Jekyll Is described In the most elegant manner – â€Å"tall†, â€Å"refined†, â€Å"polite,† with â€Å"long elegant fingers† and a â€Å"handsome appearance†. This suggests Jekyll's experiment reduces his being to its most basic form, allowing evil to run freely, ignoring the unwritten rules of society.Stevenson explains the motif of duality toys uslng tne cnaracter 0T Jekyll as ne claims, â€Å"Man Is not truly one, out truly two,† as every soul contains traits of both good and evil, but one is always empowering. This novel is perhaps one of the most renowned examples of literature using the doppelganger idea; another theme stemming from the duplication of man is the psychoanalytical interpretation and the presentation of F reud's theory of the id and superego. Dr. Jekyll represents the superego and Mr. Hyde the id. It is in fact his mind that is the ego, bringing him back and forth between the two characters but Dr.Jekyll acknowledges and does what is morally best. The ego, hidden in his unconscious, is constantly debating between the superego and the ‘d, it's the good vs. evil and conscious vs. unconscious. The term ‘unconscious' is similar to that of the unknown, leading to a scary factor of a ‘double' as the living being is simply unaware of their instincts and desires, making them equally unaware of their capabilities. Sigmund Freud developed the theory of mental life called psychoanalysis, emphasising the psychodynamics of the mind.His most important assumption was the force driving a person's mental life, affecting their behaviour operating at an unconscious level; in one part of the personality call the id. The id works primarily on the pleasure principle bound up in self-grat ification and uncaring to others- again perating entirely at an unconscious level. Two other types of personality were assumed: ego and superego. The ego functions the reality principle, while the superego represents the person's ideal self, presenting the moral standards of society.The Juxtaposed types of personality; id and the ego are initially the two results we are left with when a character has a ‘double'. Similarly, In Coleridge's Christabel, the character of Geraldine becomes Christabel's evil double- arguably her id. The cause of â€Å"a shudder in [his] blood† from Dr. Jekyll in the presence of Mr. Hyde is not simply one characteristic of his nature. It is the combination of evil and disability. â€Å"Mr. Hyde was pale and dwarfish; he gave an impression of deformity†¦ a sort of murderous mixture† the realisation of obtaining â€Å"murderous mixture† expands Freudian theories of evil, the id, taking over the person.This uneven ratio of perso nalities causes such malevolence ideas of murder to form. Likewise, the perception of the divided self is also presented in Coleridge's Christabel. In this poem, the character of Geraldine becomes Christabel's evil double. Arguably, the poem explores the, â€Å"struggle of evil and innocence, [and] the manner in hich evil works upon and transforms innocence,†3 as in the extended poem we see Geraldine attempts to use Christabel's innocent image as an advantage: clearly demonstrating the divide between good and evil within the two female characters.The same sex double is equally shown within the two male characters of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The idea of a same sex double, accentuates the concept of similarities between the actual self and the duplication. The same psychoanalytical approach, as used to interpret Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde's doubling, can also be used to argue many concepts, from Coleridge's poetry. The poem, the Kubla Khan, according to Coleridge, he claimed the v isions highlighted in the poem, occurred to him in a dream demonstrating -Freud's hypothesis of the unconscious, as the development of dreams is prominent in the unconscious region of the mind..Setting is also, a very important aspect of Gothic literature. The Garden of Eden is often used as a symbol in western literature; to show life before sin and corruption, the serpent and its temptatlons towards Eve, explore tne corruptlon 0T tne Innocent, temptatlons ana evil. This religious interpretation of the setting featured in Christabel differs to that of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. As Stevenson describes Dr. Jekyll's laboratory as, â€Å"a certain sinister block of building†¦ [This] bore in every feature the marks of profound and sordid negligence. With its decaying disguise and air of neglect, the laboratory quite neatly symbolizes the corrupt and perverse Hyde. The idea of the â€Å"laboratory' indicates the influence of the renaissance and the new science interpretations being made, unlike the religious, Garden of Eden imagery. The city of London itself is also represented in contrasting terms, as â€Å"both a foggy', â€Å"dreary', as a â€Å"nightmarish place†, and a â€Å"well-kept†, â€Å"bustling centre of commerce. Just as the characters Jekyll and Hyde and Christabel and Geraldine, have both positive and negative qualities, so does society.Doubling is yet again present in the second part of the poem of Christabel, whereby the dove being strangled by â€Å"the bright green snake† presents the spell casted from Geraldine onto Christabel, to mute Christabel's true speech and emotions. The image of the white dove shows Christabel's innocence, which had lost the battle between the envious serpent (Geraldine). The imagery of the serpent emphasises how religion was a prominent influential factor towards this poem, ymbolizing the Biblical translation of the serpent in the story of Adam and Eve.

Biography of Sir Isaac Newton, Influential Scientist

Biography of Sir Isaac Newton, Influential Scientist Sir Isaac Newton (Jan. 4, 1643–March 31, 1727) was a superstar of physics, math, and astronomy even in his own time. He occupied the chair of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge in England, the same role later filled, centuries later, by Stephen Hawking. Newton conceived of several laws of motion, influential mathematical principals which, to this day, scientists use to explain how the universe works. Fast Facts: Sir Isaac Newton Known For: Developed laws that explain how the universe worksBorn: Jan. 4, 1643 in Lincolnshire, EnglandParents: Isaac Newton, Hannah AyscoughDied: March 20, 1727 in Middlesex, EnglandEducation: Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1665)Published Works: De Analysi per Aequationes Numero Terminorum Infinitas (1669, published 1711), Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), Opticks (1704)Awards and Honors: Fellowship of the Royal Society  (1672), Knight Bachelor (1705)Notable Quote: If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants. Early Years and Influences Newton was born in 1642 in a manor house in Lincolnshire, England. His father had died two months before his birth. When Newton was 3 his mother remarried and he remained with his grandmother. He was not interested in the family farm, so he was sent to Cambridge University to study. Newton was born just a short time after the death of  Galileo, one of the greatest scientists of all time. Galileo had proved that the planets revolve around the sun, not the earth as people thought at the time. Newton was very interested in the discoveries of Galileo and others. Newton thought the universe worked like a machine and that a few simple laws governed it. Like Galileo, he realized that mathematics was the way to explain and prove those laws. Laws of Motion Newton formulated laws of motion and gravitation. These laws are math formulas that explain how objects move when a force acts on them. Newton published his most famous book, Principia, in 1687 while he was a mathematics professor at Trinity College in Cambridge. In Principia, Newton explained three basic laws that govern the way objects move. He also described his theory of gravity, the force that causes things to fall down. Newton then used his laws to show that the planets revolve around the suns in orbits that are oval, not round. The three laws are often called Newton’s Laws. The first law states that an object that is not being pushed or pulled by some force will stay still or will keep moving in a straight line at a steady speed. For example, if someone is riding a bike and jumps off before the bike is stopped, what happens? The bike continues on until it falls over. The tendency of an object to remain still or keep moving in a straight line at a steady speed is called inertia. The second law explains how a force acts on an object. An object accelerates in the direction the force is moving it. If someone gets on a bike and pushes the pedals forward, the bike will begin to move. If someone gives the bike a push from behind, the bike will speed up. If the rider pushes back on the pedals, the bike will slow down. If the rider turns the handlebars, the bike will change direction. The third law states that if an object is pushed or pulled, it will push or pull equally in the opposite direction. If someone lifts a heavy box, they use force to push it up. The box is heavy because it is producing an equal force downward on the lifter’s arms. The weight is transferred through the lifter’s legs to the floor. The floor also presses upward with an equal force. If the floor pushed back with less force, the person lifting the box would fall through the floor. If it pushed back with more force, the lifter would fly up in the air. Importance of Gravity When most people think of Newton, they think of him sitting under an apple tree observing an apple fall to the ground. When he saw the apple fall, Newton began to think about a specific kind of motion called gravity. Newton understood that gravity was a force of attraction between two objects. He also understood that an object with more matter or mass exerted the greater force or pulled smaller objects toward it. That meant that the large mass of the Earth pulled objects toward it. That is why the apple fell down instead of up and why people don’t float in the air. He also thought that maybe gravity was not just limited to the Earth and the objects on the earth. What if gravity extended to the Moon and beyond? Newton calculated the force needed to keep the Moon moving around the earth. Then he compared it with the force that made the apple fall downward. After allowing for the fact that the Moon is much farther from the Earth and has a much greater mass, he discovered that the forces were the same and that the Moon is also held in orbit around Earth by the pull of earth’s gravity. Disputes in Later Years and Death Newton moved to London in 1696 to accept the position of warden of the Royal Mint. For many years afterward, he argued with Robert Hooke over who had actually discovered the connection between elliptical orbits and the inverse square law, a dispute that ended only with Hookes death in 1703. In 1705, Queen Anne bestowed a knighthood upon Newton, and thereafter he was known as Sir Isaac Newton. He continued his work, particularly in mathematics. This led to another dispute in 1709, this time with German mathematician Gottfried Leibniz. They both quarreled over which of them had invented calculus. One reason for Newtons disputes with other scientists was his overwhelming fear of criticism, which led him to write, but then postpone publication of, his brilliant articles until after another scientist created similar work. Besides his earlier writings, De  Analysi (which didnt see publication until 1711) and Principia (published in 1687), Newtons publications included Optics (published in 1704), The Universal Arithmetic (published in 1707), the Lectiones Opticae (published in 1729), the Method of Fluxions (published in 1736), and the Geometrica Analytica (printed in 1779). On March 20, 1727, Newton died near London. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to receive this honor.   Legacy Newton’s calculations changed the way people understood the universe. Prior to Newton, no one had been able to explain why the planets stayed in their orbits. What held them in place? People had thought that the planets were held in place by an invisible shield. Newton proved that they were held in place by the sun’s gravity and that the force of gravity was affected by distance and mass. While he was not the first person to understand that the orbit of a planet was elongated like an oval, he was the first to explain how it worked. Sources â€Å"Isaac Newtons Life.†Ã‚  Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences.â€Å"Isaac Newton Quotes.†Ã‚  BrainyQuote, Xplore.â€Å"Sir Isaac Newton.†Ã‚  StarChild, NASA.

Machiavelli The prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Machiavelli The prince - Essay Example Although some scholars perceive his theories as real and well grounded, there is a lot of opposition to the kind of power that Machiavelli advocates for. In reality, Machiavelli, in his political theories, propounded a doctrine of evil, contrary to the expectation of the contemporary political democracy. Machiavelli claims that naturally political leaders are bound to offend those who they govern to gain power over them and be able to control them. He explicitly states that there is a natural and ordinary necessity that â€Å"†¦ one must always offend those over whom he becomes a prince†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to express his regard for the need of offense to exercise power over the citizens in a political sphere (8). Many critics have argued that these words of Machiavelli point out to a domineering kingship which ensures that the subjects of political systems are subdued to the worship of the king. In other words, the best king is one who is able to induce fear among his subjects to mak e them obedient and abiding to his leadership strategies. In the contemporary political systems, there is more criticism of autocratic leadership and use of force, torture or cruelty to suppress the opinions or ideas of the public. Democrats have advocated that leaders be more considerate of the public opinions to formulate a more integrative leadership and better governing principles. Reflecting on the words of Machiavelli, he is a proponent of evil leadership, a leadership that has no place in the modern political systems. Another reason why Machiavelli has been criticized as a preacher of evil is because of his advocacy for use of brute force rather than diplomacy in conquering enemies. He employs an analogical reference of the leadership of Moses and Cyrus who were both, in his opinion, armed with a force to drive their nations to success. Machiavelli provides that leaders have two options, either to beg to use force, yet he warns that â€Å"In the first case they always come t o ill and never accomplish anything†¦.† (23). Here, he suggests that leaders have to use force while handling their enemies otherwise they are doomed to fail. The evil that Machiavelli preaches here is that all nations rise against their enemies, engage their armed forces to conquer their enemies. Contemporarily, diplomacy is perceived to be a superior tool in initiating crisis management between rivalry countries. In modern political systems, the principles of Machiavelli seem to be completely inverted version of successful leadership. Today engagement of forces among rivalry countries is an in formidable evil that cannot be tolerated in the political spheres. From his theory, mercy, faith and love are sources of weaknesses of in political leaders and hatred, cruelty and exploitation are admirable in leadership. Machiavelli points out that the combat skills of a leader depend on their ability to use force and laws to maintain faith in the public domain. While recognizing that use of laws is more human and that use of forces is meant for animals, he proposes that both be engaged in political leadership. He commends that it is best to choose â€Å"†¦the fox and the lion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because a prudent leaders should not show faith to the people (69). Critics have found a lot of evil in this statement that presumes that a